N-doping A Thin films Bond valence model Anode buffer layer Sodium J-C Organic solar cell B Vapour deposition Ftouhi 34-propylenedioxypiyrrole Thin films PVD Photovoltaics Anatase colloidal solution for printing CuIn Photoluminescence Alpha-sexithiophene Absorption Alkali fluoride postdeposition treatments Planar heterojunction Partial shading ADSORPTION Bond valence excess Aniline and thiophene derivatives Molybdenum oxide A Fullerenes XPS 2D nanomaterials ALPHA-AMYLASE Solar cells Band diagram Fill factor Planar heterojunctions Epitaxy Thin film Solar cell X-ray diffraction E171 Aminofluorene thiophene derivatives Active layers CIGSe GaSe2 Anatase 4-propylenedioxythiophene Electropolymerization 4-ethylenedioxythiophene A Interfaces Arzel Addou M Photoemission spectroscopy BaTiO3 BTO Nanoparticles Reverse bias Aluminum-doped zinc oxide 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole Organic solar cells ATR-FTIR Buffer layers Electrical properties Cattin Ambipolar material Surface morphology Band-gap Raman Buffer layer Band gap gradient Silicon A Alternative buffers Alkali Bond valence mode Aqueous colloidal solution Actinide conditioning Alternative module structure ADDITIVE E171 31P NMR Organic photovoltaic cells Band alignment Back contact CIGS Lamkaouane Adsorption Molybdenum trioxide ABSORPTION Bernède TIO2 ITO free electrode Copper indium gallium selenide Characterization Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride Interfaces H Anode Titanium dioxide Ambipolar organic layer Tandem solar cells Thin-film solar cells L